# Exterior view [View the canonical artwork record]() ## Artwork - Artist: [ARCHITECT, Italian]() - Date: 1651-1700 - Technique: Photo ## Commentary Between 1630 and 1680 churches, palaces, and villas of merit rose in great number all over Italy, but many of these buildings are 'provincial' relying on Roman precedent or assistance. The Palazzo Ducale in Modena, one of the largest palaces in Italy, may serve as an example. Attributed to Bartolomeo Avanzini \(1608-58\), a mediocre architect, it is certain that at the beginning, between 1631 and 1634, Girolamo Rainaldi had a leading hand in the planning. In 1651 Avanzini's design, based on that of Rainaldi, was submitted to the criticism of Bernini, Cortona, and Borromini. Later Guarini directed the execution. Ideas of all these masters, and particularly of Bernini, were certainly incorporated. ## Related artworks - [Aerial view]() - [Aerial view]() - [Apse of a basilica]() - [Arsenale Gateway]() - [Arsenale Gateway]() - [Basilica di Sant'Antonio: Chiostro del Noviziato]() - [Basilica Santi Nereo e Achilleo]() - [Ca' Foscari: Façade]() - [Chamber of the millers]() - [Chiesa dell'Incoronata: Interior of the dome]() - [Cloister gallery]() - [Detail of the façade]() ## Attribution [Web Gallery of Art]()