03 — ARTWORK
Crucifixion with Mary and St John the Evangelist (detail)
- MEDIUM
- Tempera on wood
- TYPE
- Religious
PALETTE
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- FILE
- 678 × 920 px · JPEG
COMMENTARY
UNDERLINED TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE GLOSSARY.
CrucifixionAn important method of capital punishment, particularly among the Persians, Seleucids, Jews, Carthaginians, and Romans from about the 6th century BC to the 4th century AD. Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, abolished it in the Roman Empire in AD 337, out of veneration for Jesus Christ, the most famous victim of crucifixion. There were various methods of performing the execution. Usually, the condemned man, after being whipped, or "scourged," dragged the crossbeam of his cross to the place of punishment, where the upright shaft was already fixed in the ground. Stripped of his clothing either then or earlier at his scourging, he was bound fast with outstretched arms to the crossbeam or nailed firmly to it through the wrists. The crossbeam was then raised high against the upright shaft and made fast to it about 9 to 12 feet (approximately 3 metres) from the ground. Next, the feet were tightly bound or nailed to the upright shaft. A ledge inserted about halfway up the upright shaft gave some support to the body; evidence for a similar ledge for the feet is rare and late. Over the criminal's head was placed a notice stating his name and his crime. Death, apparently caused by exhaustion or by heart failure, could be hastened by shattering the legs (crurifragium) with an iron club, so that shock and asphyxiation soon ended his life. with Mary and St John the Evangelist (detail) 1400-50 TemperaA method of painting in which the pigments are mixed with an emulsion of water and egg yolks or whole eggs (sometimes glue or milk). Tempera was widely used in Italian art in the 14th and 15th centuries, both for panel painting and fresco, then being replaced by oil paint. Tempera colors are bright and translucent, though because the paint dried very quickly there is little time to blend them, graduated tones being created by adding lighter or darker dots or lines of color to an area of dried paint. on wood The Hermitage, St. Petersburg
CITE THIS RECORD — BIBTEX
@online{wga-r713a1eecfd6c68,
author = {Krén, Emil and Marx, Daniel},
title = {Crucifixion with Mary and St John the Evangelist (detail) by ANTONIO DA FIRENZE},
organization = {{Web Gallery of Art}},
date = {2026-09-13},
url = {https://beta.wga.hu/artists/antonio-da-firenze-r4554252aad6773/crucifixion-with-mary-and-st-john-the-evangelist-detail-r713a1eecfd6c68},
urldate = {2026-09-13},
langid = {english}
}ACCESSED 2026-09-13. REPLACE THE AUTHOR FIELD WITH THE COMMENTARY AUTHOR WHERE ONE IS NAMED.
OTHER WORKS BY ANTONIO DA FIRENZE
- Crucifixion with Mary and St John the Evangelist 1450
- Madonna and Child with Saints 1450
- Madonna and Child with Saints (detail) 1450
The archive catalogues no further works by this artist.
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