IVÁNYI GRÜNWALD, Béla

Hungarian painter. He was a pupil of Bertalan Székely and Károly Lotz in the School of Decorative Art in Budapest in 1882-84. He studied art at Gabriel von Hackl (1843-1926) in the Munich Academy, then at the Julian Academy in Paris. He was particularly influenced by Bastien Lapage and Dagnan-Bouveret. Later he returned to Munich and joined Hollósy's group of artists. His pictures painted in the 1890s reflected naturalistic tendencies of Bastien-Lapage (The Warlord's Sword, Devotion, 1891).

He joined Károly Ferenczy's plein air group of the Nagybánya school in his Nagybánya period in 1896-1909. He became a major teacher at the Nagybánya Free School founded in 1902. His years in Nagybánya represent his most important period in art (Drying Clothes, The Three Magi, 1903). He was awarded with the Fraknói-prize in 1904. He was the leader of the Kecskemét art school in 1911-1918. His decorative and stylizing period was over by about 1915. In his landscapes of the Great Plain, he again turned to a realistic approach (Sweep-Pole Well, 1924). Later he painted pictures with movement typical of baroqueGLOSSARYThe period in art history from about 1600 to about 1750. In this sense the term covers a wide range of styles and artists. In painting and sculpture there were three main forms of Baroque: (1) sumptuous display, a style associated with the Catholic Counter Reformation and the absolutist courts of Europe (Bernini, Rubens); (2) dramatic realism (Caravaggio); and (3) everyday realism, a development seen in particular in Holland (Rembrandt, Vermeer). In architecture, there was an emphasis on expressiveness and grandeur, achieved through scale, the dramatic use of light and shadow, and increasingly elaborate decoration. In a more limited sense the term Baroque often refers to the first of these categories. The development of the Baroque reflects the period's religious tensions (Catholic versus Protestant); a new and more expansive world view based on science and exploration; and the growth of absolutist monarchies., then simple and realistic ones. In his later years, his still-lives and pictures on gypsies were of less significance.