YEVELE, Henry

English architect. He is first recorded in 1353, when he was granted the freedom of the City of London. He quickly rose to prominence and c. 1357 he was appointed mason to Edward, Prince of Wales (1330-1376). The title of King's Deviser of Masonry, which he held from 1360 to his death, indicates that he was recognized as an architect in the modern sense, with responsibility for design, erection and maintenance of all Crown works. Project include Queenborough Castle (1361-1367; destroyed 1650), Rochester Castle (repaired 1367-1368), parts of the London Charterhouse (contracted 1371), and John of Gaunt's chantry (1374-ca. 1378; destroyed 1666) for Old St. Paul's CathedralGLOSSARYThe principal church of a province or diocese, where the throne of the bishop is placed. For reasons lost to time and tradition, a cathedral always faces west - toward the setting sun. The altar is placed at the east end. The main body, or nave, of the cathedral is usually divided into one main and two side aisles. These lead up to the north and south transepts, or arms of the cross, the shape in which a cathedral is usually formed. in London.

Stylistic evidence, including characteristically PerpendicularGLOSSARYthe last of the three major styles of Gothic architecture in England, c. 1331-1530. It is characterized by comparatively simple decoration and soaring vertical lines, hence its name. It was preceded by the Decorated style. mouldings, indicates that he was responsible for the Black Prince's chantry (from 1363) in the cryptGLOSSARYunderground chamber beneath the altar in a church, usually containing a saint's relics. Though the chamber is underneath the choir, it can extend as far as the crossing. It is not always completely underground, so that the choir and altar sometimes considerably higher than the nave and aisles; as a result, very impressive flights of steps were built to connect nave and choir. of Canterbury Cathedral. In 1371 he contracted to build the first cell and the cloisterGLOSSARYquadrilateral enclosure surrounded by covered walkways, the centre of activity for the inhabitants of a monastery. of the London Charterhouse. The Neville screen (1372-76) in Durham Cathedral has been attributed to Yevele's London workshop. He later directed repairs at Old St. Paul's (1381-1382) and payments were made for a new south doorway and window in 1387-88.

Yevele was probably responsible for the design of the tomb of Edward the Black Prince at Canterbury Cathedral. Although he was not recorded as in charge of rebuilding Canterbury's city walls until 1385, stylistic evidence suggests that he was responsible from the beginning of work in 1378, notably for the Westgate. One of his most important achievements is the Perpendicular nave of Canterbury Cathedral which is attributed to him on the basis of both documentary and stylistic evidence. He may also have consulted on designs for William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, from 1381 (e.g. Oxford, New College).

Yevele was appointed master mason to Westminster Abbey in 1387, although he may have been involved with earlier projects there. He collaborated with Stephen Lote on designs for the tomb-chests of Richard II and Anne of Bohemia and Cardinal Simon Langham. In 1389 Yevele supervised work at the Tower of London and from 1390 he directed repairs of Winchester Castle. Between 1394 and 1399 he worked as architect at the new Westminster Hall and his last work was probably the vaultGLOSSARYA roof or ceiling whose structure is based on the arch. There are a wide range of forms, including the barrel (or tunnel) vault, formed by a continuous semi-circular arch; the groin vault, formed when two barrel vaults intersect; and the rib vault, consistong of a framework of diagonal ribs supporting interlocking arches. The development of the various forms was of great structural and aesthetic importance in the development of church architecture during the Middle Ages. of the north porch (1399-1400).